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Twin Oaks Community, Virginia
Twin Oaks Community is an ecovillage〔 and intentional community of about one hundred people living on in Louisa County, Virginia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work= Washington Post Sunday Magazine Page W12 )〕 It is a member of the Federation of Egalitarian Communities.〔(Federation of Egalitarian Communities )〕 Founded in 1967,〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=2010-07-07 )〕 it is one of the longest-enduring and largest secular intentional communities in North America.〔 The community's basic values are cooperation, egalitarianism, non-violence, sustainability and income sharing.An estimated 100 adults and 17 children live in the community according to Yahoo News.
== Founding ==
The community was founded on a tobacco farm in 1967〔 by a group of eight individuals with no farming experience that included Kat Kinkade, who wrote two books about the community.〔Kinkade, Kat 1974 ''A Walden Two Experiment; The First Five Years of Twin Oaks Community. ''William Morrow & Co . ISBN 0-688-05020-4〕〔Kat Kinkade, 1994 "Is It Utopia Yet?: An Insider's View of Twin Oaks Community in Its Twenty-Sixth Year" Twin Oaks Publishing; 2nd edition (August 1994). ISBN 0-9640445-0-1〕 The community's initial inspiration was B. F. Skinner's novel ''Walden Two,'' which describes a fictional behaviorist utopia. However, Skinner's vision quickly faded from prominence at Twin Oaks, as behaviorist principles were abandoned in favor of egalitarian principles. The community struggled greatly during its first few years, as member turnover was high and the community members didn't earn much income. According to Kinkade, the community avoided the problems stereotypically associated with communes (particularly laziness, freeloading, and excessive lack of structure) by adopting a structured, yet flexible, labor system.〔Kinkade K., Is it Utopia Yet ?, page 29, Twin Oaks Publishing, 1994〕
Modified versions of the community's initial organizational structure and labor credit system survive to this day. As in Skinner's novel, the original labor credit system utilized "variable" credit hours. Certain jobs were worth more credit hours than others in order to make each job desirable. What the community found once the population reached about 40 is that there was neither universally desirable work, nor undesirable work and the variable credit hour system created distortions in which work was getting done. The modified version of this plan in place today uses "standardized" credits; each job in the community is valued the same in terms of credit hours.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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